Kuźnar Andżelika, Menkes Marcin, The Liberal International Economic Order in the Face of Challenges. "Old friends" in new times

The Liberal International Order (LIO), which has shaped the world for around seven decades (since the end of World War II), is currently confronted with challenges that threaten its existence. Economic openness, trust in multilateral institutions, security cooperation and democratic solidarity, which were central to the ILO are now facing threats from countries that do not share Western values, but they also originate in the West (the rise of populist movements and nationalism, the growing disillusionment with globalization and its impact on income inequality, job losses and cultural homogenization (Ikenberry, 2018). A Western liberal order was established by the United States and its allies. These include a group of ASEAN states that have been cooperating with the West since the end of World War II or the collapse of the Eastern bloc and base their...